Development of Individual Entrepreneurship Tendency: Validity and Reliability Study
Keywords:
Entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship tendency, validity, reliabilityAbstract
Entrepreneurship is a driving force on the growth and development of countries' economies in a world integrated with differentiation. Entrepreneurship activities, which have an important place in the world economy, are also of great importance for our country. This has made it important to focus on scientific issues and research on entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to develop an “individual entrepreneurship tendency scale (IETS)” to determine the entrepreneurship tendencies of individuals. In this process, the first item pool was created. After the scope validity of the items presented to the expert opinions were provided, possible errors and deficiencies were tried to be eliminated with the pilot study and the scale consisting of 30 items took its final form. The application has been carried out for 2422 people who have participated in the entrepreneurship trainings of Istanbul University since 2014. In order to determine the discriminative power of the items, the item-total correlation was calculated and the significance of the differences between the item averages of the upper 27% and lower 27% groups was examined using the t test. Corrected item total score correlations range between .526 and .693. The test results showed that all the differences between the item averages of the upper and lower groups were significant. In order to determine the construct validity of the scale, firstly Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed and a five-factor structure that explained 71.86% of the total variance was obtained. Cronbach Alpha (CA) values for the reliability criteria for each dimension and the CA value for the overall survey were obtained as expected above 0.70. The model fit of the item-factor structure obtained from EFA was tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and it was observed that the fit indexes of the five-factor structure of the scale were confirmed as a result of good fit decision. Depending on these results; It was determined that the scale of individual entrepreneurship tendency, which consists of cooperating, knowing the external effects, taking initiative, reliable and interested sub-dimensions, is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
References
Beneish, M. D. (1999), The Detection of Earnings Manipulation, Financial Analysts Journal, 55(1), 24-36.
Brinkman, W. P. (2009). Design Of A Questionnaire Instrument. Handbook Of Mobile Technology Research Methods, Netherlands: Nova Publisher.
Anderson, B. R. (2002). Entrepreneurship and Aboriginal Canadians: A Case Study in Economic Development, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 7(1), 45-65.
Aşkın, A., Nehir, S. & Vural, S. Ö. (2011). Tarihsel Süreçte Girişimcilik Kavramı ve Gelişimi, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 6(2), 55-72.
Başar, M., Ürper, Y. & Tosunoğlu, B. T. (2013). Girişimcilik, Eskişehir: Açık Öğretim Fakültesi Yayını.
Caliendo, M. & Kritikos, A. (2011). Searching For The Entrepreneurial Personality: New Evidence And Avenues For Further Research, Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 319- 324.
Casson, M. (2003). The Entrepreneur An Economic Theory (2th Ed.). Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Costello, A. B. & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four Recommendations For Getting The Most From Your Analysis, Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9.
Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları, Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
Din, B. H., Anuar, A. R. & Usman, M. (2016). The Effectiveness Of The Entrepreneurship Education Program in Upgrading Entrepreneurial Skills Among Public University Students, Procedia-Social And Behavioral Sciences, 224(1),117-123.
Durukan, T. (2005). Küresel Girişimcilik, O.A. Seymen ve T. Bolat, (Editörler), Küreselleşme ve Çok Uluslu İşletmecilik içinde (139), Nobel Yayın: Ankara.
Falkang, J. & F. Alberti (2000). The Assessment Of Entrepreneurship Education, Industry and Higher Education 14(2), 101-108.
Hisrich R. D. & Peters, M. P. (1998). Entrepreneurship (4th Ed.). Boston, New York: Irwin Mc Grow-Hill.
İbicioğlu, H., Taş S., & Özmen İ. (2010). Üniversite Eğitiminin Girişimcilik Düşüncesinin Değişimine Etkisi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama, Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 53-74.
İrmiş, A. & Barutçu, E. (2012). Öğrencilerin Kendilerini Girişimci Bir Kişiliğe Sahip Görmelerini Ve Iş Kurma Niyetlerini Etkileyen Faktörler: Bir Alan Araştırması, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(2), 1-25.
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A Quantitative Approach To Content Validity, Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575.
Lekoko, M., Rankhumise, E. M. & Ras, P. (2012). The Effectiveness Of Entrepreneurship Education: What Matters Most? African Journal of Business Management, 65(1), 12023-12032.
Littunen, H. (2000). Entrepreneurship And The Characteristics Of The Entrepreneurial Personality, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 6(6), 295-299.
Morris, M. H., Kuratko, D. F. & Covın, J. G. (2011). Corporate Enterpreneurship & Innovation, USA: Cengage Learning.
Raykov, T. & Marcoulides, G. A. (2006). A First Course in Structural Equation Modeling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahlah-New Jersey-London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Saraçoğlu, M., Duran, C., & Taşkın, E. (2010). Girişimcilikte Yaratıcılığın Üç Boyutu: Birey, Süreç Ve Ürün, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 1-14.
Stamboulis, Y. & Barlas, A. (2014). Entrepreneurship Education Impact On Student Attitudes, International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 365-373.
Veneziano, L. & Hooper, J. (1997). A Method For Quantifying Content Validity Of Health-Related Questionnaires, American Journal of Health Behavior, 21(1), 67-70.
Ward, T. B. (2004). Cognition, Creativity And Entrepreneurship, Journal Of Business Venturing, 19(2), 173-188.
Wennekers, S. & Thurik, R. (1999). Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth, Small Business Economics, 13(1), 27-55.
Wickham, P. A. (2006). Strategic Entrepreneurship, 4th Edition, Essex, UK: Prentice Hall.
Wilson, F. R., Pan, W. & Schumsky, D. A. (2012). Recalculation Of The Critical Values For Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio, Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 45(1), 197-210.
Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2010). The Relationship Of Personality To Entrepreneurial Intentions And Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review, Journal of Management, 36(2), 381-404.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gamze Sart (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.