Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions Policy

ASNJ follows COPE's guidelines on corrections and retractions to safeguard the integrity of the published literature.

Correction: When a published article contains minor errors that affect the scientific record or author/affiliation details but do not invalidate the findings, a correction notice is published. The correction is linked to the original article and appears in both HTML and PDF versions.

Expression of Concern: When serious concerns arise about the reliability of an article but an investigation is not yet complete, the editor may publish an expression of concern to alert readers to potential issues.

Retraction: An article is retracted when:

• There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable (including data fabrication, calculation error, or honest error)
• There is plagiarism or a violation of publication ethics
• It constitutes duplicate publication
• The research was conducted without appropriate ethical approval

Retracted articles are not removed from the site; they are marked "RETRACTED" and accompanied by a notice explaining the reason for retraction.

Post-publication discussion: Readers may contact the editor with comments, criticisms, or questions regarding a published article at [email protected].