Role and Effectiveness of Five-Performance Indicators (Price, Dependability, Speed, Quality & Flexibility) in Attaining Competitive Edge in the Aviation Industry
Keywords:
five-performance indicators, aviation industry, price, quality, dependability, flexibility, speedAbstract
The present research investigation aims to evaluate the significance and effectiveness of key five performance indicators (Price, dependability, speed, quality & flexibility) for gaining the competitive advantage in the aviation industry. This is to evaluate and examine the operations management activities undertaken by selected case study and how these indicators facilitate the organization in achieving its goal. In this research the case study of British Airways is taken so that the operation management activities are scrutinize and check the relationship between the competitive advantage and the operation management activities that are currently held inside the organisation. The importance of competitive advantage, operation management and the role of five performance indicators are discussed in detail. The previous empirical research and literature review is included to provide the insight about the topic and research query. The research investigates the preferences of management, the market condition, the comments, opinions and experiences from our respondents. The main aspect is to find out that is there exist a strong relationship or not between the operation activities and the competitive advantage therefore two hypotheses are considered, null and alternative hypothesis respectively. Each hypothesis has been validated by questionnaire response submitted by the respondents of British Airways. "Interpretive philosophy" is considered for the present investigation to design "descriptive" approach. The study by nature is cross sectional with the sample size of 165 participants, including employees working t Heathrow, St. James's London - Piccadilly, and headquarter of British Airways respectively along with the random consumers in order to establish the correlation between selected variables of the research study. The sample size is above 30 employees therefore interpretation and analysis of the research findings is done through Z-test. Recommendation for the future improvement is given after conclusion, based on the results generated through statistical tool.
References
A Rahim, N.A.A.b., Omar, K., Haque, A.U., Muhammad, H., Saputra, J., & Hulu, F. (2022). Impacts of Work–Family Culture on Employee Job Performance in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, 14(12), 7003. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127003
Adamovich, V., Nadda, V., Kot, M., Haque, A.U. (2021). Camping Vs. Glamping Tourism: Providers’ Perspective. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, (Volume XII, Fall), 6(54): 1431-1441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.6(54).01
Alam, S.S. (2009). Adoption of internet in Malaysian SMEs, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(2), pp. 240-55.
Al-Gasawneh, J. A., AlZubi, K. N., Anuar, M. M., Padlee, S. F., Haque, A.U. & Saputra, J. (2022). Marketing Performance Sustainability in the Jordanian Hospitality Industry: The Roles of Customer Relationship Management and Service Quality. Sustainability, 14(2), 803.
Ahmad, S., & Schroeder, R.G. (2002), Dimensions of competitive priorities: are they clear, communicated and consistent? Journal of Applied Business Research, 18(1), pp.77-86.
Adam, E. E. Jr. & Swamidass, P. M. (1989). Assessing operations management from a strategic perspective, Journal of Management, 15(2), pp. 181-203.
Barney, J. (1986). Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, luck, and Business Strategy, Management Science, 32, pg., 1231-1241
Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management 17(1), 99-120.
Bharadwaj, S. G., Rajan Varadarajan, P., & Fahy, J. (1993). Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Service Industries: A Conceptual Model and Research Propositions. Journal of Marketing 57 (October): 83-99.
Blumberg, B. (2008). Business Research Methods. 2nd ed. London: McGraw Hill Higher Education. 12-39.
Bowman, E.H. (1974). Epistemology, corporate strategy, and academy, Sloan Management Review, 15(2), pp. 35-50.
Bradley, K., & Hill, S., (1983). After Japan: the quality circle transplant and productivity efficiency, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 21, pp.291-311.
Bradley, K., & Hill, S. (1994). In Clark, H., et al, (1994). Organisation and Identities.
Bulut, C., Nazli, M., Aydin, E., & Haque, A.U. (2021), The effect of environmental concern on conscious green consumption of post-millennials: the moderating role of greenwashing perceptions, Young Consumers, 22(2), 306-319. DOI: 10.1108/YC-10-2020-1241
Chan, F. T. S., Qi, H. J., Chan, H. K., Lau, H. C. W. & Ip, R. W. L. (2003). A Conceptual model of performance measurement for supply chains. Management Decision: 2003, 41, 7: ABI/INFORM Global pp 635.
Christie, M. J., Kwon, I. G., Stoeberl, R. A., & Baumhart, R. (2003). A cross-cultural comparison of ethical attitudes of business managers: India korea and the United States. Journal Of Business Ethics. 46 (3), 263-287.
Cleveland, G., Schroeder, R. G. & Anderson, J. C. (1989). A theory of production competence, Decision Sciences, 20(4), pp. 655-668.
Collier, P. & Gregory, A. (1995). Strategic management accounting: a UK hotel sector case study, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 7(1), pp. 16-21.
Coyne, Kevin P. (1986). Sustainable Competitive Advantage: What It Is, What It Isn’t. Business Horizons 29 (JanuaryFebruary): 54-61.
Craves D.W. & Piercy N.F., (2003). Strategic Marketing, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, USA, Pg 234-235.
Evans, J.R., & Lindsay, W.M (1996). The Management and Control of Quality, 3rd ed., West Publishing Co., St Paul, MN.
Faizan, R., Haque, A.U., Cockrill, A., and Aston, J. (2019). Females at Strategic Level affecting Logistics Firms' Competitiveness: Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 7(1), 57-71.
Faizan, R., and Haque, A.U. (2016). The Relationship between Societal attributes, Feminine Leadership & Management Style: Responses from Pakistan's Urban Region Female-Owned Businesses. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(23), 171-191.
Faizan, R., and Haque, A.U. (2015). Bullwhip effect phenomenon and mitigation in logistic firm's supply chain: Adaptive approach by Transborder Agency, Canada. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 4(4), 43-51.
Faizan, R., & Haque, A.U. (2019). Working Efficiency of Contrasting Genders under Eustress, Distress, Hyper-Stress, and Hypo-Stress, Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 12(11), 32-46.
Faizan, R., Nair, S.L.S., and Haque, A.U. (2018). The Effectiveness of Feminine and Masculine Leadership Styles in Relation to Contrasting Genders' Performances, Polish Journal of Management Studies, 17(1), 78-91.
Farooq, K., Yusliza, M.Y., Wahyuningtas, R., Haque, A.U., Muhammad, Z., & Saputra, J. (2021). Exploring Challenges and Solutions in Performing Employee Ecological Behaviour for a Sustainable Workplace. Sustainability, 13(17): 9665. DOI: 10.3390/su13179665
Grant, R.M., (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implication for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review; 33(3), pp. 114-135.
Gusakov, A., Haque, A.U., & Jogia, A.V. (2020). Mechanisms to Support Open Innovation in Smart Tourism Destinations: Managerial Perspective and Implications, Polish Journal of Management Studies, 21(2), 142-161.
Hannabuss, S. (1993). Biography and Children: A Study of Biography for Children and Childhood in Biography, London: Library Association.
Haque, A. U. (Ed.). (2022). Handbook of Research on the Complexities and Strategies of Occupational Stress. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3937-1
Haque, A.U. (2022). The Age and Time of No Retirement: Global Lens Exploring the Social and Economic Impact of Aging. In: Research Anthology on Supporting Healthy Aging in a Digital Society (4 Volumes), 69-82, IGI Publishers.
Haque, A.U. (2020). Varying Occupational Stress and Organisational Commitment within the University Staff of Contrasting Economies (Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of Middle Range Public Universities in Pakistan and the UK). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Lampeter, UK. Available online: https://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/id/eprint/1570/
Haque, A.U. (2022). No One Wants to be a Host of Ghost Sessions: Techniques to Improve Student Engagement and Active Participation. In: Fayed, I & Cummings, J. (Ed). Teaching in the Post COVID-19 Era: World Education Dilemmas, Teaching Innovations and Solutions in the Age of Crisis. Springer, Cham, 433-442. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74088-7_43
Haque, A.U. (2021). The Age and Time of No Retirement: Global Lens Exploring the Social and Economic Impact of Aging. In: Bayar, Y. (Ed). Handbook of Research on Economic and Social Impacts of Population Aging. Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global Publishers, 29-51.
Haque, A.U., Faizan, R., and Cockrill, A. (2017). The relationship between female representation at strategic level and firm's competitiveness: evidences from cargo logistic firms of Pakistan and Canada, Polish Journal of Management Studies, 15(2), 69-81.
Haque, A.U., Aydin, E., and Uysal, E. (2017), A Comparison of Effectiveness of Global Leaders and Domestic Leaders in Electronic Retail Industry, Global Journal of Management and Business Research (G), 17(3), version 1, 11-20.
Haque, A.U., Aston, J., and Kozlovski, E. (2016). Do causes and consequences of stress affect genders differently at operational level? Comparison of the IT sectors in the UK and Pakistan. International Journal of Applied Business, 1(1), 1-7.
Haque, A.U., and Aston, J. (2016). A Relationship between Occupational Stress and Organizational Commitment of I.T Sector's Employees in Contrasting Economies. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 14(1), 95-105.
Haque, A.U., Aston, J., and Kozlovski, E. (2018). The impact of stressors on organisational commitment of managerial and non-managerial personnel in contrasting economies: Evidences from Canada and Pakistan, International Journal of Business, 23(2),152-168.
Haque, A.U., Aston, J., Kozlovski, E., & Caha, Z. (2020). Role of External CSR and Social Support Programme for Sustaining Human Capital in Contrasting Economies, Polish Journal of Management Studies, 22(1), 147-168.
Haque, A.U., Basuki, Aston, J., & Widyanti, R. (2021). Do Different Stressors affect working efficiency of public personnel differently? Polish Journal of Management Studies, 23(1), 172-187.
Haque, A.U., Faizan, R., Zehra, N., Baloch, A., Nada, V., and Riaz, F. (2015). Leading Leadership Style to motivate cultural oriented female employees in developing country: I.T staff responses from Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Researches in Business and Social Sciences, 5(9), 280-302.
Haque, A.U., Kot, S., and Imran, M. (2019). The moderating role of environmental disaster in relation to microfinance's non-financial services and women's micro-enterprise sustainability, Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, 8(3), 355-373.
Haque, A.U., Nair, S.L.S., & Kucukaltan, B. (2019). Management and Administrative Insight for the Universities: High Stress, Low Satisfaction and No Commitment, Polish Journal of Management Studies, 20(2), 236-255.
Haque, A.U., and Oino, I. (2019). Managerial Challenges for Software Houses related to Work, Worker and Workplace: Stress Reduction and Sustenance of Human Capital, Polish Journal of Management Studies, 19(1), 170-189.
Haque, A.U., Sher, A., & Urbański, M. (2020). Is the role of Authentic Leadership Effective in Managing Occupational Stress and Psychological Capital? Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 8(2), 59-77.
Haque, A.U., & Yamoah, F.A. (2021). The Role of Ethical Leadership in Managing Occupational Stress to Promote Innovative Work Behaviour: A Cross-Cultural Management Perspective, Sustainability, 13(17), 9608, DOI: 10.3390/su13179608
Haque, A.U., and Yamoah, F. (2014). Gender Employment Longevity: I.T staff response to Organisational Support Programme in Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science (IJ-ARBSS), 4(12), 324-347.
Haque, A.U., Yamoah, F., & Sroka, W. (2020). Willingness to Reduce Food Choice in Favour of Sustainable Alternatives: The Role of Government and Consumer Behaviour (chapter 3), In: W. Sroka (ed), Perspectives on Consumer Behaviour, Springer.
Hill, T. J. (2000). Manufacturing Strategy - Text and Cases, Burr Ridge; IL: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Huczynski, A., & Buchanan, D., (2001). Organizational Behaviour.
Hussain, N., Haque, A.U., & Baloch, A. (2019). Management Theories: The Contribution of Contemporary Management Theorists in Tackling Contemporary Management Challenges, Journal of Yasar University, 14 (SI), 156-169.
Imran, M., Haque, A.U., and Rębilas, R. (2018). Performance Appraisal Politics and Employees' Performance in Distinctive Economies, Journal of Polish Management Studies, 18(2), 135-150.
Imran, M., Hameed, W.U., and Haque, A.U. (2018). Influence of Industry 4.0 on the Production and Service Sectors in Pakistan: Evidence from Textile and Logistics Industries, Social Sciences, 7(12), 246.
Imran, M., Jian, Z., Haque, A.U., Urbański, M., and Nair, S.L.S. (2018). Determinants of Firm’s Export Performance in China’s Automobile Industry, Sustainability, 10(11), 1-23.
Imran, M., Ślusarczyk, B., & Haque, A. U. (2019). The moderating role of Malaysian government in microcredit organization and quality of women self-sustainability. Calitatea, 20(S1), 481.
Javed, B., Abdullah, I., Haque, A. U., and Rubab, U. (2018). Inclusive Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Role of Psychological Empowerment, Journal of Management & Organization, 1, 1-8.
Javed, B., Khan, A.K., Arjoon, S., Mashkoor, M., and Haque, A.U. (2018). Openness to Experience, Ethical Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior, Journal of Creative Behavior, 1-13.
Jonsson, C., & Devonish, D. (2009). An exploratory study of competitive strategies among hotels in a small developing Caribbean state, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(4), pp. 491-500.
Johnston, R. (2003). Cases in operations management pg.27-103
Kot, S., Haque, A.U., and Baloch, A. (2020). Supply Chain Management in SMEs: Global Perspective, Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 16(1), 87-104.
Kot, S., Haque, A.U., and Kozlovski, E. (2019). Strategic SCM's Mediating Effect on the Sustainable Operations: Multinational Perspective, Organizacija, 52(3), 219-235.
Kot, S., Haque, A.U., and Kozlovski, E. (2019). Mediating Effect of Strategic Supply Chain Management on Social and Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from SMEs of Canada, Iran and Turkey, International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(6), 105-117.
Kotler P, (2003). Marketing Management, Eleventh Edition, Prentice Hall, Pg 90.
Lindberg, P., et al, (1998). International Manufacturing Strategies.
Mintzberg, A. (2003). The Strategy Process: Concepts, Contexts, Cases. 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. 30-89.
Nair, S.L.S., Rao, B., & Haque, A.U. (2021). Aging Population: Social and Economic Concerns and Complexities During COVID-19. In: Bayar, Y. (Ed). Handbook of Research on Economic and Social Impacts of Population Aging. Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global Publishers, 119-137.
Nigel, S., Chambers, D., & Johnston, R. (2004). Operations Management. 6th ed. London: McGraw. 30-210.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Parnell, J.A (2011). Strategic capabilities, competitive strategy, and performance among retailers in Argentina, Peru and the United States, Management Decision, 49(1), pp. 130-55.
Parnell, J.A. (2006). Generic strategies after two decades: a reconceptualization of competitive strategy, Management Decision, 44(8), pp. 1139-154.
Petraf, M.A .(1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based vie. Strategic Journal, 14(3). Pp 179-191.
Powell, T.C. (1995). Competitive priorities: Investigating the need for trade-offs in operations strategy, Production and Operations Management, 11(1), pp. 9-20.
Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive Strategy. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(1).
Porter, M. (1998). Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance: with a new introduction. pg197.
Porter, M.E. (1991). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, is in its 63rd printing.
Porter, M.E. (1986). Competitive Strategy, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Porter, M.E. (2001). Competitive Strategy. Harvard Business School pg. 2-4.
Porter. M.E., & Millar.V (1985). How information gives you competitive advantages, The revolution information transforming the nature of competition, Harvard Business Review pg. 158.
Ogwu, K., Hickey, P., Okeke, O.J.-P., Haque, A.U., Pimenidis, E., & Kozlovski, E. (2022). An Integrated Online/Offline Social Network-Based Model for Crowdfunding Support in Developing Countries: The Case of Nigeria. Sustainability, 14, 9333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159333
Osman, I., Ho, T.C.F., & Galang, M.C. (2011). The relationship between human resource practices and firm performance: an empirical assessment of firms in Malaysia, Business Strategy Series, 12(1), pp. 41-48.
Rahman, M., Kamal, M.M., Aydin, E., & Haque, A.U. (2020). Impact of Industry 4.0 drivers on the performance of the service sector: comparative study of cargo logistic firms in developed and developing regions, Production Planning & Control, (Special Issue), 1-16. DOI: 10.1080/09537287.2020.1810758
Saunders, M.N.K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students (5th ed.). Harlow, United Kingdom: FT Prentice Hall.Schendel, D.E. and Hofer, C.W. (1979), Strategic Management, Little, Brown and Company, Boston.
Sekaran, U. (2002). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach. 4th ed. London: John Wiley & Sons Inc. 28-137.
Seth, A. and Thomas, H. (1994). Theories of the firm: implications for strategy research, Journal of Management Studies, 31, pp. 165-91.
Skinner, W. (2011). Manufacturing- Missing Link in Corporate Strategy. Harvard Business Review May-June, 136-145.
Skinner, W. (2011) Trade-off? What trade-offs? Competence and competitiveness in manufacturing strategy, California Management Review, summer, pp. 107-22.
Slack, Nigal, Chambers Stuart & Johnson Robert, (2004). Operations Management, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall, Pg 6, 445.
Ślusarczyk, B., & Haque, A.U. (2019). Public services for business environment: challenges for implementing Industry 4.0 in Polish and Canadian logistic enterprises. Administratie si Management Public, (33), pp. 57-76.
Ślusarczyk, B., Tvaronaviciene, M., Haque, A.U., & Olah, J. (2020). Predictors of Industry 4.0 Technologies affecting logistic enterprises' performance: International perspective from economic lens, Technological and Economic Development, 26(2), 1-21, DOI: 10.3846/tede.2020.13376.
Smith, O. (2013). World's Most and least 'safe' airlines revealed. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/10113234/Worlds-most-and-least-safe-airlines-revealed.html.
Steward, H. M (2011), Air Cargo Industry. Available at: http://www2.isye.gatech.edu/~pinar/Chapter7Eno.pdf.
Tseng, Mei-Chiun. (2004). Strategic Choice of Flexible Manufacturing Technologies. International Journal of Production Economics, 91(3), 223–227.
Urbański, M., and Haque, A.U. (2020). Are You Environmentally Conscious Enough to Differentiate between Greenwashed and Sustainable Items? A Global Consumers Perspective, Sustainability, 12(5), 1-26.
Urbański, M., Haque, A.U., and Oino, I. (2019). The Moderating role of Risk Management in Project Planning and Project Success: Evidence from Construction Businesses of Pakistan and the UK, Engineering Management in Production and Services, 11(1), 23-35.
U-Hameed, Imran, M., Haque, A.U., and Ślusarczyk, B. (2019). The Moderating Role of Malaysian Government in Microcredit Organization and Quality of Women Self-Sustainability, Quality-Access to Success, 20(S1), 481-486.
Walliman, N. (2001). Your Research Project: a step-by-step guide for the first-time researcher. London. SAGE. P. 194
Waters, D. (2003). Logistics: An Introduction to Supply chain Management. Palgrave Macmillan, Indian Reprinted ed. 2004.
Yamoah, F. A., & Haque, A. U. (2022). Strategic management through digital platforms for remote working in the higher education industry during & after the COVID-19 pandemic, Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 10(2), pp. 111–128.
Yamoah, F.A., Haque, A.U., & Yawson, D.E. (2022). Consumer Psychology on Food Choice Editing in Favor of Sustainability. Sustainability, 14, 10130. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610130
Younas, A., Wang, D., Javed, B., & Haque, A.U. (2022). Inclusive leadership and voice behavior: The role of psychological empowerment, The Journal of Social Psychology, DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2026283
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Irfan ul Haq, Riffat Faizan (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.